Separate conditions for landlocked countries - How can developed nations help those who are landlocked?
Landlocked countries, i.e. countries without direct coastal access to the sea and thus also to maritime trade, face very specific challenges. Compared with their coastal neighboring countries, they start their trading career with numerous disadvantages from the outset. The situation is almost always aggravated when being landlocked coincides with other factors such as remoteness from major markets, tropical climates, considerable distance from the coast, poor infrastructure, or an inadequate policy, legal or institutional environment. In todays competitive world, landlocked countries generally face a difficult situation.
Although being landlocked is a challenge, it is not destiny. There are practical solutions to many of the problems faced by landlocked countries - ranging across comprehensive approaches to transit corridors, overall regional integration efforts, legal and regulatory reforms, institutional and administrative overhauls, specific international protection mechanisms and including an in-depth analysis of each landlocked countrys foreign trade composition and its adequacy with regard to transport constraints.
List of landlocked countries:
Afghanistan
Andorra
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bhutan
Bolivia
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Central African Republic
Chad
Czech Republic
Ethiopia
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Lesotho
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malawi
Mali
Moldova
Mongolia
Nepal
Niger
Paraguay
Rwanda
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Swaziland
Switzerland
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Uzbekistan
Vatican City
Zambia
Zimbabwe
List of nearly landlocked countries:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Iraq
Jordan
Republic of the Congo
Togo
Slovenia
Belgium
